Indian Biotope Aquarium is a fascinating way to bring the natural beauty and diversity of India’s aquatic ecosystems right into your home.
Unlike regular aquariums, which often mix species from different regions and habitats, a biotope aquarium replicates a specific geographic area, complete with native plants, fish, and other inhabitants. Creating and maintaining an Indian Biotope Aquarium is a rewarding journey that allows you to appreciate and preserve the unique flora and fauna of various Indian water bodies.
In this article, I will guide beginners step-by-step in setting up and maintaining an Indian Biotope Aquarium.
Step 1: Research and Select the Biotope
The first step in creating an Indian Biotope Aquarium is to decide which Indian water body or region you want to replicate. India is blessed with a diverse range of aquatic ecosystems, such as the Western Ghats, the Eastern Himalayas, the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin, and various coastal regions.
Research the specific water body’s characteristics, including temperature, pH levels, water hardness, and the species of fish and plants that inhabit it.
To help you get started with biotope research, follow:
- https://biotopeone.com/category/biotopes/
- https://www.amazonasmagazine.com/
- https://biotopeaquariumproject.com/
- https://www.youtube.com/@indiagills
- https://www.youtube.com/@flare1979
Step 2: Choosing the Right Aquarium
Creating a biotope aquarium is a captivating way to replicate a specific natural habitat within the confines of your home. However, before diving into this exciting endeavour, it’s essential to select the right aquarium that will best accommodate the unique needs of your chosen biotope.
Once you have decided on the biotope, select an appropriately sized aquarium that fits the available space in your home. A larger aquarium is generally more stable and easier to maintain than a smaller one. Consider factors like natural lighting and room temperature, as they can impact the ecosystem inside the tank.
Image source: https://spec-tanks.com/standard-ada-aquarium-sizes-and-volumes/
To get started, I would highly recommend a 1 or 2-feet glass tank. Avoid acrylic tanks as biotopes are generally full of debris to mimic nature and it’s much easier to clean the glass as opposed to acrylic. Also, avoid getting tanks with a closed lid and a small top filter that’s more commonly available across Indian fish stores. Opt for low iron, ultra-clear glass tank if you have money to spend. Believe me, it’s worth spending and you won’t regret it.
Learn more: Size matters! What’s the best aquarium size for you?
Step 3: Substrate Selection
The substrate is a critical element in a biotope aquarium as it forms the foundation for replicating the natural habitat of your chosen region. The right substrate not only enhances the visual appeal of the aquarium but also provides essential support for plants, aids in biological filtration, and creates a comfortable environment for your fish.
Choose a substrate that matches the biotope you’re replicating, such as sand for riverbeds, gravel for lakes, or a mix of both for estuaries. Rinse the substrate thoroughly to remove any debris before adding it to the tank. If you have access to local rivers and streams, go out there to collect rocks, sand, and other necessary items. The more you understand nature, the more your biotope will look natural and less troubleshooting.
Learn more: Planted tank substrate and soil guide – base layer fertilizing vs. Sand, gravel
Step 4: Aquascaping
Aquascaping in a biotope aquarium involves creating a natural and harmonious underwater environment that closely resembles a specific natural habitat or ecosystem found in nature. The primary goal of a biotope aquarium is to replicate the natural conditions of a specific geographical region, which includes replicating the physical characteristics, flora, and fauna found in that region.
Aquascaping refers to arranging the rocks, driftwood, and other decorations in the aquarium to mimic the natural habitat. Research the specific biotope’s geological features and try to replicate them in your setup. For example, if you’re creating a Western Ghats biotope, use rocks and driftwood commonly found in that region.
Take a closer look at this biotope for aquascape style, watch fish behaviour and learn more: Indian Biotope Aquarium | Western Ghats, Periyar River Basin, Kerala, India
Step 5: Selecting Native Flora
Choosing native aquatic plants is crucial for a Biotope Aquarium not only to add to the aesthetics but also to provide hiding spots and essential microorganisms for the tank’s ecosystem.
For an Indian biotope aquarium, opt for native aquatic plants that thrive in the region’s diverse ecosystems. Vallisneria spiralis, commonly found in rivers and lakes, provides tall background vegetation. Hygrophila polysperma, a fast-growing species, mimics marshy areas. Cryptocoryne species, native to streams, add a midground layer. Bacopa monnieri, typical of ponds, complements the foreground. In the below image, Cryptocoryne spiralis has been added in the background.
These plants are well-adapted to India’s water parameters and lighting conditions, promoting a sustainable and natural habitat. In addition to maintaining a sense of place, they offer refuge and food sources for indigenous fish species, enhancing the overall health and balance of the biotope aquarium.
Step 6: Introducing Native Fish
Selecting suitable fish is one of the most exciting parts of setting up an Indian Biotope Aquarium. Research the fish species that inhabit the chosen water body and make sure they are compatible with each other. Some popular native fish choices for Indian Biotope Aquariums are Dwarf Puffers, Rasboras, Gouramis, and Corydoras. In the below image, the fish species is schistura sp. Crimson.
Love tropical fishes? Follow Shifu Tanks on Instagram for high-quality images.
By carefully selecting and introducing native fish to the biotope aquarium, you create an environment that closely resembles their natural habitat, promoting their well-being and enabling them to exhibit their natural behaviours.
Ensure proper acclimatization to the tank’s water parameters and provide appropriate hiding spots and natural features. Monitor behaviour and maintain a balanced diet to create a harmonious and authentic representation of the natural ecosystem in the biotope aquarium.
Before you finalize any species, ensure to check these to learn about native Indian fishes:
Step 7: Water Quality and Filtration
Maintaining water quality is vital for the health and well-being of your aquarium’s inhabitants. Indian Biotope Aquariums often require soft and slightly acidic water conditions but it varies from region to region, especially in rivers affected by nearby human popular areas and global warming.
Invest in a reliable filter that can handle the tank’s size and maintain proper filtration. Regularly monitor water parameters and perform partial water changes to keep the water pristine. Mimic the natural habitat’s water parameters through regular testing and adjustments.
Learn more: No Water Change Aquarium Exposed | Aquarium Myths Busted
Choose a filtration system that suits the tank’s size and bio load, employing biological, mechanical, and chemical filtration methods. Consider using a sponge or canister filter to maintain water clarity without disturbing the natural setup.
Use a substrate suitable for the chosen biotope to promote beneficial bacterial colonization. Regular water changes are vital to remove accumulated waste and maintain water parameters. A well-maintained filtration system ensures a thriving and balanced ecosystem for the native flora and fauna.
Step 8: Lighting and Temperature
Lighting and temperature are crucial factors in a biotope aquarium to support the native flora and fauna. Research the natural habitat’s lighting conditions and select aquarium lights that closely replicate the intensity and spectrum. Aim to replicate the natural lighting conditions of the chosen biotope.
Provide a photoperiod that mimics the natural day-night cycle. In general, 6-12 hrs of lighting are preferred depending on the plants. Some fish and plants thrive in low light, while others prefer brighter conditions. Use cheap LED lights or low-power halogen bulbs to cater to the specific needs of your aquarium’s inhabitants.
Additionally, invest in a heater to maintain a stable temperature that matches the native species’ preferences, as many Indian water bodies experience seasonal temperature variations. A stable temperature is vital for fish health and breeding. Use timers to regulate lighting and ensure consistency. Proper lighting and temperature control promote healthy plant growth, natural behaviour in fish, and overall ecological balance in the biotope aquarium.
Step 9: Feeding and Maintenance
Feeding and maintenance are crucial aspects of a biotope aquarium to sustain the ecosystem’s balance and health. Offer a diverse and balanced diet that matches the native fish’s natural food sources, including live, frozen, and dry foods. Native fish often thrive on a diet of live or frozen foods like bloodworms, daphnia, and brine shrimp. In the below image: Bhavania australis grazing on frozen bloodworms.
Avoid overfeeding to prevent water quality issues. Regularly remove uneaten food and debris to maintain pristine water conditions. Conduct routine water changes to keep parameters stable and remove accumulated pollutants. Trim and prune plants as needed to ensure they flourish without overcrowding.
Additionally, keep an eye on the health of your fish and plants, and promptly address any issues that arise. Consistent feeding and maintenance practices promote the well-being of both flora and fauna in the biotope aquarium and are essential to maintain a thriving ecosystem.
Conclusion
Creating an Indian Biotope Aquarium is a unique and fulfilling experience for beginners and experienced aquarists alike. It allows you to appreciate the natural beauty and complexity of India’s aquatic ecosystems while contributing to their conservation.
By replicating a specific biotope, you not only create an enchanting display but also provide a suitable and sustainable habitat for native fish and plants. So, dive into this exciting hobby, and enjoy the wonders of India’s aquatic biodiversity right in your own home. Happy aquascaping!
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About the Author
Meet Devagya Uikey – not your average aquarist! Hailing from Bhopal, he’s the creative mind behind the mesmerizing Instagram haven, Shifu Tanks. Beyond scrolling and double-tapping, Devagya takes you underwater via his dynamic YouTube channel. But wait, there’s more – he’s the trailblazer behind India’s first-ever Aquarium-related Podcast!
Devagya isn’t just about talks and clicks, he’s the champion of BAC 2023! That’s the Biotope Aquarium Contest, a coveted international Biotope contest, and he snagged the 1st Prize in the Southern, Western, and Central Asia category. So, if you’re ready to dive into the world of aquariums and biotopes, Devagya Uikey is your guide.